This set of anatomical models demonstrates the structure of the main human joints and their functional capabilities. It is intended for institutions of general secondary and higher education, where it is used when studying the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system, in particular the sections on the types of joints, the axes of movement and the mechanisms of injury, and it is applied as well in sports medicine and rehabilitation to demonstrate the mechanism of damage and methods of prevention. Lessons are conducted by a teacher or a laboratory assistant and pupils work with the models under supervision; the recommended age of learners is from 10 years, that is pupils of grade 5 and above.
The set consists of five models of natural size, in a scale of 1:1 — the shoulder joint, the hip joint, the hand, the knee joint and the foot. Each model reproduces the bones that form the joint and the ligaments; the bones are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the ligaments of a transparent elastic polymer, so that the transparency makes it possible to study the arrangement of the ligaments unambiguously, while the flexibility gives the model its mobility. Movements are performed within the natural amplitude, and all models are fixed on stands for demonstration and are easily removed for work in the hands. The models need no power supply, and illustrated cards with the names of the anatomical structures are supplied as additional teaching material. The operating conditions are the premises of an educational institution at an air temperature from +5 to +40 °C and relative humidity from 40 to 60 % without condensate.
The set includes the model of the shoulder joint in an inner box — 1 pc, the model of the hip joint in an inner box — 1 pc, the model of the hand in an inner box — 1 pc, the model of the knee joint in an inner box — 1 pc, the model of the foot in flat packaging — 1 pc, stands for demonstration according to the number of models, diagrams with captions of the main elements separately for each model, the passport with the warranty coupon — 1 pc, and combined packaging — 1 pc. Instructions for assembly and drawings of the stands are also included. The inner boxes are designed individually for each model and provide safe and convenient storage, and all elements are packed so as to protect them from damage during transport. The set is supplied assembled and needs no additional mounting.
The models are installed on a table, each on its own stand, so that they are visible to all pupils, and the stand is placed on a level stable surface, not at the edge of the table. A model is fitted by aligning the opening in it with the rod of the stand and seating it evenly without skew, and the fastening is tightened by hand; the model is removed by drawing it along the axis of the rod and is carried by the massive bones with both hands. The models are not bent beyond the natural amplitude, because this tears the ligaments, and they are not held by the sharp projections, the transparent ligaments, the fingers or other thin elements. The models are wiped with a soft dry cloth, and light soiling with a damp, not wet, cloth followed by wiping dry; the transparent ligaments are wiped with particular care, and abrasive materials, metal brushes, alcohol and acetone are excluded. Direct sunlight is to be avoided, since it changes the transparency of the ligaments, and after each use the models are returned to their original inner boxes together with the captioned diagrams. Monthly checks cover the integrity of the models, in particular the points where the ligaments are attached, the condition of the stands and the tightening of the screws. Marking and operating documentation are in Ukrainian, and the marking carries the trade mark, the model and a place for the inventory number. The service life is 5 years and the warranty period is 12 months from the date of sale.
